30 years of reform and opening up markets to goods from a shortage of basic balance of the total change

Since reform and opening up the domestic market continues to expand the total supply of goods, increased variety, quality, continuously improve, the supply is clearly improving the convenience, the new formats are emerging to achieve the total amount of goods from a shortage of basic balance to the fundamental transformation of the realization of the supply manner by a single backward to a variety of significant changes in modern convenience.

First, the market supply of commodities to the total by the shortage of basic balance

After nearly 30 years, the accumulation of quantitative economic growth, the domestic market supply and demand situation has changed fundamentally. Long-term existence of the shackles of shortage economy was completely broken, the characteristics of a buyer's market has become increasingly evident. Mainly manifested in:

(A) the supply of goods continued to widen

Reform and opening up the development of the domestic market has opened up unprecedented broad space for the national series of expanding domestic demand and promoting consumption of macro-control measures under an active role in the domestic market has experienced rapid development in the process of expanding. Reflect the level of development of the consumer goods market and the size of the statistical indicators - retail sales of consumer goods from 1978 to 155.9 billion yuan to 8.921 trillion yuan in 2007, an increase of 56 times the average annual growth rate of 15%. The "65" period, an increase of 15%, "75" period, an increase of 14%, "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, 23.3 percent growth, "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, 10.6 percent growth, "Tenth Five-Year" period, 11.4 percent growth. Strong consumer demand in the domestic market, the purchase and sale of active, showing a sustained, steady and rapid growth, and maintain the prosperity of the active picture.

(B) market-oriented production, the role of enhanced

Economic development into the new stage, "there is no" problem relegated to a secondary position, "good" problem to a prominent position. Faced with a buyer's market, consumer choice increases, the demand for a diversified, high-quality development. Market-oriented producers play an important role in the market economy needs a new type of production and consumption relations gradually taking shape. On-demand production, and market-oriented agriculture and enterprise product direction. Market, and excellent, unique, new products gradually the dominant, high-quality, high-grade, high-nutrition, new tastes, new use, an endless stream of high-tech goods, consumers gradually increase the status, quality of life improved significantly.

Since 1978, China's merchandise exports continued to expand the scale, to alleviate pressure on the supply of domestic consumer goods market has played an important role in market regulation; import expansion to enrich the lives and prosperity of our residents in the domestic market also played an important complementary role. Through a variety of imports so that domestic production is relatively backward, but the people's livelihood tight supply of goods increase, such as high-tech products, automatic data processing equipment, aircraft. And our ability to have the import substitution of goods, import growth is somewhat lower, or even negative growth, such as mechanical and electrical products, soybeans, automatic data processing equipment parts, automobile spare parts.

Second, accelerating the upgrading of the domestic market became the main theme of

30 years, the growing purchasing power of residents to speed up the upgrading of the commodity, and thus the continued prosperity of the domestic market has played an important active role in supporting. From three times the strength of consumer purchasing power upgrade, the upgrade each time by the purchasing power of water to achieve a substantial increase on average. In a relatively short time, the achievement of urban and rural residents from dozens of dollars, thousand and million-class consumption, and to 100,000 yuan or even millions of dollars upgrading the consumer level. Upgrading the performance of commodities mainly two aspects:

(A) from the basic goods of life to the development and enjoyment of consumer goods, from food, clothing mainly to the housing and acts of the main

Under the planned economy under the conditions, due to the shortage of consumer goods no choice. Reform and opening up, accompanied by rapid economic development, economic structure, the continuous optimization of the commodity supply market varieties, the increase in the number, quality improved markedly. Especially with the upgrading of the consumption speed, supply market, food, clothing, used all kinds of commodities such as silver, more colorful varieties. Consumers in regard to consumer freedom and choice to an unprecedented height. From basic goods to the development of life, the enjoyment of consumer goods, from food, clothing mainly to the housing, the main act, the consumption structure from clothing, food consumption in the housing, consumer transfer, and into the fast transition. In particular, mobile phones, computers, represented by IT products, automobile travel convenience for residents to improve people's living conditions and quality of life of the housing decoration goods, household appliances and other commodities to increase substantially to meet the residents greatly multi-level, diversified consumer demand.

(B) from a low technical content of simple consumer goods to high technology consumer goods

Upgrade through the food and clothing consumption - consumer durables - residential, transportation, communication, education, entertainment, medical and tourism industry chain evolving, from simple low-technology content to a higher technological content of consumer goods consumer goods. At present, the multi-purpose, durable goods, such as intelligent urban residents to become the first choice when updated appliances, mobile phones, home DVD players, home computers, the consumer continued to heat up, speed up the upgrading and updating. Digital televisions, flat-panel TVs and other appliances are also big stride into the household. By the end of 2007, urban residents in mobile phone on average every 100 has a capacity of 165.2, compared to 1997 increased 163.5, update the speed of other consumer goods, home of the first. Family car has become a high-and middle-income families to chase the goal of consumption, by the end of 2007 for every 100 urban residents amounted to 6.1 in vehicle ownership than the 5.9 increase in 1997.

Third, the market supply of commodities from a single main supply of goods and services to the common development of

(A) two-way flow of goods, the basic flow channels, and prosperity of the urban and rural markets

To address the rural market system lags and inadequate economic and social development needs of the situation, the state and relevant departments to implement a series of policies and measures to smooth the flow of channels, active urban and rural markets. Especially in recent years have actively implemented a Industry-financed agriculture, planning of urban and rural development, the "million rural village of thousands of projects", "double-hundred market works" and "every village access road project," a number of measures, such as power grids to accelerate the industrial goods into the rural market, the speed, but also to promote more agricultural products to enter the urban market for industrial products with stable quality and reasonable price to enter the rural areas, for agricultural products at reasonable prices to compare the city to build a bridge to achieve the industrial and agricultural, urban and rural two-way communication effectively broadens the channels for farmers to increase. According to statistics, since the "village of a thousand million rural market project" since the implementation of the national chain has the building of the 120,000 farm shop, so that farmers benefit from 140 million to expand rural consumption of around 40 billion yuan.

(B) the rapid development of tourism market

After 30 years of development, the tourism industry from scratch, from small to large, maintained a fast, stable and healthy development momentum has developed for China's tertiary industry in the most dynamic and potential of emerging industries. The number of immigrants from tourists in 1978 increased to 181 million passengers in 2007 of 131,870,000 passengers, an average annual increase of 15.9%; international tourism foreign exchange earnings by 260 million U.S. dollars to 41.92 billion U.S. dollars, average annual growth rate of 19.2%. The tourism industry in the national economy continued to strengthen and enhance the international exchanges play an increasingly important role in the realization of the tourism resources from the World Tourism Powers historic leap great country.

With the improvement of living standards, lifestyle, innovation, and residents go out to dinner, to increase the number of relatives and friends reunion. In addition, various types of official society, business activity, the domestic tourism market factors such as the rapid development of a common role in the prosperity of the food and beverage market. Retail sales of catering industry all the way higher, and maintain sustained and rapid growth pattern in the share of total retail sales expanded, showing not short off-season, season more wang situation. Accommodation and catering industry retail sales by 1978 to achieve 55 billion yuan, increased to 1235.2 billion yuan in 2007, an average annual increase of 20.5 percent, higher than the total volume of retail sales growth rate of 5.5 percentage points, accounting for the total retail sales of consumer goods rose from 1978 year rose 3.5 percent to 13.8 percent in 2007, increased 10.3 percentage points.

(D) the rapid rise of domestic service market

As work and life in general to speed up the tempo of domestic services more demand, and promoted the rapid development of domestic service. By the end of 2007, there were all kinds of domestic service companies and nearly 500,000 outlets, employing more than 1500 million people, an annual turnover of nearly 160 billion yuan. More than five million yuan investment in large and medium-sized establishments have近万家shower, an annual turnover of more than 150 billion yuan. At present, the domestic service has been a simple family service extends to every aspect of daily life.

Fourth, the coordination of regional market development and common prosperity

Since reform and opening up the country a series of three agricultural policy, development of the western region, central China and the revitalization of northeast old industrial base continue to push forward the development strategy, between urban and rural areas, between different regions of the total retail sales of social consumer goods, the pace of development and structure of the event of a major changes in regional markets showing a balanced and coordinated development of good posture.

(A) a simultaneous increase in urban and rural markets, common prosperity

30 years, whether they are urban markets or rural markets, have shown a sustained and stable growth of the running posture.

From the perspective of urban market, urban retail sales of consumer goods in 1978 from 505 billion yuan, increased to 6041.1 billion yuan in 2007, an average annual increase of 17.9 percent, higher than the total volume of retail sales growth rate of 2.9 percentage points.

From the rural market, as the CPC Central Committee and State Council, a series of supporting agriculture, Huinong implement policies to enhance the purchasing power of farmers, the rural consumer goods market development has accelerated, the increase in consumption between urban and rural areas continued to narrow the gap. And below the county level retail sales of consumer goods from 1978 to 105.3 billion yuan, increased to 2879.9 billion yuan in 2007, an average annual increase of 12.1%.

Nearly 5 years ago, retail sales of consumer goods for urban and rural market is gradually narrowing the gap, from 2002 down to 7.7 percentage points in 2007 to 1.4 percentage points, the rural market on the total volume of retail sales growth in the contribution rate, from 21.3 percent in 2002 increased to 30.7 percent of 2007, driving retail sales of consumer goods grew by 2.5 percentage points to 5.2 percentage points. Show that urban consumption is a hot situation gradually changed, showing a simultaneous increase in urban and rural markets, the common prosperity of the gratifying situation.

(B), the western market sales grew faster than the eastern region

Central and western areas maintained rapid growth in consumption, growth in the consumer goods market, provinces and regions to further reduce the gap. The eastern region in 2007 retail sales of social consumer goods up 17.1% over the previous year to speed up 2.0 percentage points; in the share of total retail sales of 58.6% over the previous year decreased by 0.2 percentage points; in the central and western areas of retail sales increased 18.2% and 18.0%, than the previous year to speed up the 3.2 percentage point increase in the eastern region are higher than 1.1 and 0.9 percentage points; in the share of total retail sales were 24.3% and 17.1%, than last year 0.1 percentage points .

Fifth, building circulation system with the market pace

Since reform and opening up, especially in establishing and improving the socialist market economy, China's commodity circulation industry have changed dramatically. Both in urban and rural areas, the basic shape of the commodity distribution network extending in all directions, all kinds of commodity markets an unprecedented development, reform and opening up the circulation of commodities in the network building is a beautiful scenic routes. Completely changed the business model over the past compared the situation of a single, forming a multi-level, less links, open new pattern of development of competition.

(A) of the emerging boom Format

Continuous improvement in the shopping environment at the same time, commercial operators have also taken place in the form of enormous changes, the original commercial format is gradually emerging from the old business model, full of new vitality, new formats such as boutiques, specialty store, supermarkets, convenience stores, department stores, discount stores, such as vigorous development, demonstrating strong vitality. Specialty stores and specialty in which to maintain strong growth momentum, supermarkets have become the main domestic retail markets Format. Liquidity as one of the modern chain operations to become the main commercial enterprises operating organization, chain business from less to more, from small to large, and gradually grow up. In 2007, the above chain of retail and catering industry retail sales of social consumer goods accounted for the proportion of total retail sales in 2002 from 5% to 14.6%. Marketing means the diversification of retail formats increasingly perfect, very easy life of residents, consumers shopping more convenient, fast.

(B) the market up, expanding

Since reform and opening up, commodity markets have been expanding, employing a substantial increase in commercial outlets throughout the country. According to statistics, by the end of 2007 the national wholesale and retail trade industries reached 157,000 units, employing 6,049,000 people reached; accommodation and catering industry industrial activity 37,000 units, employing 3,418,000 people.

After years of nurturing and development, commodity trading market has become a daily consumer goods and capital goods, an important distribution center, in the active circulation of commodities, provide convenience for residents living in urban and rural areas to expand employment, promote national economic development has played a positive role. By the end of 2007, the National billion more than the number of commodity transaction markets Tatsu 4121, more than in 2002 863. Consumer goods market to flourish. By the end of 2007, the national market a wide range of consumer goods 61,913, of which urban consumer market 24,150, accounting for 39%; rural consumer goods market 37,763, accounting for 61%.

After years of market competition, the emergence of a group of large-scale, market competition and strong capabilities in key enterprises, and they give full play to the large-scale, environmental priorities, the credibility of good advantages, to become urban and rural residents, especially the consumption of urban residents preferred sites, in competition in the consumer goods market leader. 2007, above the wholesale and retail enterprise sales 2.7 trillion yuan, up 26.2 percent, 4.9 percentage points to speed up in all the wholesale and retail share of 33.5 percent from the previous year to 36.3%; below wholesale and retail businesses and the self-employed retail sales of 4.8 trillion yuan, up 11.8 percent, 1.6 percentage points to speed up in all the wholesale and retail share of 63.7%. Show that the limit of the following small businesses and the self-employed in an active market, provide convenience for residents living continue to play an important role.

(D) the flow of various industries go hand in hand

From the industry structure, the wholesale and retail sales by 1978 to 136.4 billion yuan to 7.504 trillion yuan in 2007, an average annual increase of 14.8%; accommodation and catering industry retail sales increased to 5.48 billion yuan from 1.2352 trillion yuan, the annual both grew by 20.5%. From the weighting, the wholesale and retail sales decline in the proportion from 87.5 to 84.1 percent, down 3.4 percentage points, but still the main market of goods sold; accommodation and catering retail sales accounted for the proportion of total retail sales of consumer goods by 1978 In 3.5% to 13.8% in 2007, 10.3 percentage points to improve to become the domestic market, one of the important driving force.

Download the attachment:

2008-11-07