Share Your Expertise: David Anderson on the China Granite Industry分享您的專長：大衛安德森對中國花崗岩業

In a follow up to Dylan Blankenship’s article在後續迪倫blankenship的文章 Let’s Talk Granite - Pre-fabricated Granite Import Guide大家談花崗岩-預製花崗石進口指南 , we attempt here to help readers better understand the structure and makeup of China’s granite industry. ，我們嘗試在這裡，以幫助讀者更好地理解結構和化妝，中國的花崗岩產業。 We explain where China’s main granite suppliers are located, the types of granite found in these locations, and give a brief introduction to the uniform numbering system used in the country.我們解釋中國的花崗岩的主要供應商所在地，該類型的花崗岩，發現在這些位置，並給予簡要介紹了統一的編碼系統中使用的國家。

Whether you are looking to purchase high quality, finished granite countertops (slabs or prefabricated), granite tile, dimension stone or granite sinks, they can all be found in China at competitive prices.您是否正在尋找購買高品質，成品花崗岩countertops （磚或預製），花崗岩瓷磚，石材或花崗岩下沉，他們都可以在中國發現的有競爭力的價格。 According to the General Administration of Customs, China exported over 1 million tons of granite in the first 10 months of 2007 at a value of approximately $157 million US dollars.根據一般海關總署，中國出口超過1億噸，花崗岩在首10個月於2007年1價值約為一萬五千七點〇〇〇萬美元。 It is estimated that Chinese granite accounts for around 17-20% of the world’s granite production.據估計，中國花崗岩佔約17-20 ％的世界花崗岩生產。

The main production centers are located in the provinces of Fujian, Guangdong and Shandong.主要生產中心設在省，福建，廣東和山東。 These three provinces account for 85% of China’s stone production.這三個省份的帳戶為85 ％，中國的石材生產。 Smaller production centers can be found inland in Sichuan, Shanxi, Anhui, Hebei, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang.規模較小的生產中心，可以發現在內陸，四川，山西，安徽，河北，廣西，內蒙古和新疆。 Have a look at the map below for a more visual look at China’s granite production areas.有一個看看下面的地圖，以便更視覺看中國的花崗岩生產區。

With over 80 varieties of granite, Fujian is China’s largest granite producing province.擁有超過80種品種的花崗岩，福建是中國最大的花崗岩生產省。 It employs 15,000 manufacturers and is home to over 5,000 granite quarries and as many importers and exporters.它僱用的製造商和15000家，超過5000花崗岩採石場和許多進口商和出口商。 Shuitou is the largest production base in the province with over 3,000 manufacturing facilities operating, including the majority of Chinas top granite suppliers. shuitou是世界上最大的生產基地，在全省擁有超過3000的生產設施的經營，包括大部分的我國頂端花崗岩的供應商。

Guangdong is a large province in the south east of China.廣東省是一個大省在東南中國的。 It has more than 700 granite quarries scattered throughout the province in the cities of Lianling, Xinyi, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Gaozhou, Yangjiang, Taishan, Huizhou, Zengcheng and on the outskirts of Shenzhen.它擁有超過700花崗岩採石場遍布全省在城市lianling ，新沂市，潮陽，揭陽，高州，陽江，台山，惠州，增城和對郊區的深圳。 There are around 4,000 manufacturers mining some 30 varieties of granite.有大約4000製造商挖掘了約30品種的花崗岩。

In Shandong, the cities of Rong Cheng, Laizhou and Linyi are responsible for the majority of the 40+ varities of granite found in the region.在山東，城市鄭清榮，萊州市和臨沂是負責大部分的40多個品種的花崗岩，發現在該地區。 Shandong’s most famous granites are Jinan Green which is very dark and also called Jinan black G3701, Isle Red, also called Peninsula red G3786, General Hung, also called Piyi General red G3752, Liu Ports Red, also called Laizhou oriental cherry red G3767 and China ash, or Laoshan grey G3706.山東的最有名的花崗岩濟南綠色這是非常黑暗，也稱為濟南g3701黑，紅島，也稱為半島紅g3786 ，一般紅，也稱為piyi一般紅色g3752 ，劉港口紅色，也稱為萊州東方櫻桃紅g3767和中國灰，或嶗山灰色g3706 。

Have a look at the table below for a clear overview of the types of granite found in China, by province:有一個看看下面的表格有一個明確概述了該類型的花崗岩在中國發現的，由省：

Types of Granite Located in China類型的花崗岩，位於中國

Granite found in Fujian花崗岩發現在福建	Granite found in Shandong花崗岩的發現在山東	Granite found in Guangdong花崗岩發現在廣東省
Jinjiang Bacuo white G3503晉江bacuo白色g3503	Laizhou sesame white G3765萊州芝麻白g3765	Puning big white flower G4439普寧大的白的花g4439
Quanzhou white G3506泉州白g3506	Wendeng white G3760文登白g3760	Guangning east white sesame G4422廣寧東方白芝麻g4422
Haicang white G3523海滄白g3523	Pingdu white G3755平度市白g3755	Guangning rosy spots G4421廣寧美麗的景點g4421
Xiaocuo white G3516消痤白g3516	Zhaoyuan pearl G3783招遠珍珠g3783	Xinyi thin twists G4419新沂薄曲折g4419
Hongtang white G3514 hongtang白色g3514	Mengyin pink G3778蒙陰粉紅g3778	Xinyi black stars and clouds G4416新沂市黑星和雲g4416
Nanan snow plum G3508南安雪梅花g3508	Shanyuan flower G3757 shanyuan花卉g3757	Xinyi spindrift G4418新沂spindrift g4418
Jinjiang white in black G3516晉江白色的黑色g3516	Mengyin spindrift G3777蒙陰spindrift g3777	Guangning dark blue stars G4420廣寧深藍色星級g4420
Luoyuan oriental cherry red G3563羅源縣東方櫻桃紅g3563	Laizhou oriental cherry red G3767萊州市東方櫻桃紅g3767	Xinyi black G4417新沂市黑g4417
Zhangpu red G3548漳浦紅g3548	Piyi General red G3752 piyi一般紅色g3752
Anxi red G3535安溪紅g3535	Zeshan red G3764 zeshan紅色g3764
Wuyi red G3528武夷紅色g3528	Rongcheng Jingrun red G3784榮成市jingrun紅色g3784
Nanping Minjiang red G3559南平閩江紅g3559	Laoshan grey G3706嶗山灰色g3706
Nanping black G3539南平黑色g3539	Jinan black G3701濟南黑g3701
Pucheng Baizhang black G3577濮城百丈黑色g3577	Wulian leopard-skin G3742五蓮豹皮膚g3742
Fuding black G3518福鼎黑g3518	Rushan black G3770乳山黑g3770
Dayang black (A) G3538大陽黑（一） g3538	Mengshan flower G3776蒙山花卉g3776
Shaowu green G3599邵武綠色g3599	Pingyi peacock green G3791平邑孔雀綠色g3791

In order to help buyers and sellers more accurately identify and trade different types of granite and other stone, in 1998 the China State Administration of the Building Materials Industry devised a uniform numbering.在以幫助買家和賣家更準確地識別和貿易不同類型的花崗岩和其他石頭，在1998年，中國國家行政的建材行業制訂一個統一的電話號碼。 The system gives each variety of stone a letter and 4-digit number.該系統讓每個品種的石料的信和第4位數字。 For example, Fuding Black is denoted as G3518.舉例來說，福鼎黑，是指作為g3518 。 The letter represents the type of stone, G for granite, M for marble, etc. the 4-digit number consists of 3 parts.信中代表類型的石料，克為花崗岩，大理石米等4位數字組成，三部分。 The first 2 numbers specify the province or municipality the stone originated from, for example, Fujian is 35, Guangdong is 44 and Shandong is 37.第一二號碼指定省或直轄市石源自，舉例來說，福建是35歲，廣東省是第44條和山東是37 。 The 3rd digit relates to the colour, characteristics and patterns on the stone and the final digit associates the stone with the specific quarry from which it originated.第三位數字，涉及到膚色，特點和規律，對石頭和最後兩位數的同夥石與石礦場的具體從哪個它源於。

Here is an extensive這裡是一場廣泛 list of Chinese granites and marbles名單中國花崗岩和大理石 and conversions for the updated and original numbers.與轉換為更新和原來的號碼。 When dealing with Chinese granite suppliers, be sure to use this numbering system in all documentation and correspondence.在處理與中國花崗岩的供應商，請務必使用這個編號系統，在所有文件和信函。 it will save trouble down the road and can help ensure you get what you ordered.這將可節省麻煩，下跌的道路，可以幫助您就能得到什麼，你下令。

Granite and Natural Stone Tradeshows in China 花崗岩和天然石材展覽會在中國

If you’re interested in starting or expanding your granite or other natural stone business, here are some of the largest trade shows for you to attend:如果您有興趣在開始或擴大您的花崗岩或其他天然石材的業務，這裡是一些最大的貿易顯示，為你參加：

STONETECH SHANGHAI stonetech上海
Date: April 8-11, 2008 (every two years)日期： 4月8日至11日， 2008年（每隔兩年）
Location: Shanghai New International Expo Centre地點：上海新國際博覽中心
Description: This exhibition takes place every two years and includes exhibitors from international stone processing, machinery and equipment and stone products.描述：這個展覽需要的地方，每隔兩年，包括參展，包括來自國際石材加工，機械及設備和石製品。

CHINA STONE中國石材
Date: October 21-23, 2008日期： 10月21日至23日， 2008年
Location: Yunfu International Stone Materials Centre, China地點：雲浮國際石材中心，中國
Description: This fair is promoted as an international stone materials science and technology fair.說明：這是否公平是促進了作為一個國際石材科技公平的。

XIAMEN STONE FAIR 2008廈門石材公平的2008年
Date: March 6-9, 2009日期： 3月6日至9日， 2009
Location: Xiamen International Conference & Exhibition Center, Xiamen, China地點：廈門國際會議展覽中心，廈門，中國
Description: A fair exhibiting stone and stone machinery描述：一個公平的展示石材及石材機械

ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTOR 關於投稿

David Anderson戴維安德森 is Managing Director of是董事總經理 GMC Group捷美集團 Ltd有限公司 , a China-based ，總部設在中國的
business services firm specializing in business and market development商業服務公司，專門從事商業和市場發展
programs for international companies seeking new or revitalized growth程序為國際公司尋求新的或重新振興增長
in global markets.在全球市場上。

Share Your Expertise: Cameron Adair on Purchase Order Financing分享您的專長：金馬倫阿代爾對採購訂單融資

Purchase Order Gap Financing as applies to US Manufacturers sourcing Contract Manufacturing at Facilities in China. 採購訂單的差距融資適用於美國製造商的採購合同製造商在設施在中國。
By: Cameron Adair ：金馬倫阿代爾

Many small manufacturing operations in the US have sought “gap” financing from private (non-bank) “factoring” firms and asset-based lending firms in order to complete and ship a contracted order to a customer.許多小型製造業務，在美國的要求“差距”融資由私人（非銀行） “理”企業和以資產為基礎的貸款公司，以完成和船舶合同，以客戶。 Such “gaps” in the working capital necessary to pay for the materials and labor involved in producing the “finished goods” often occur because a small manufacturer has already exhausted existing bank lines and does not have other capital availability, or because it has been “swamped” with more orders than it can handle with its existing credit lines.這種“差距”在工作必要的資金來支付的材料和勞動力參與生產的“成品”經常發生，因為一個小的製造廠商已經用盡了現有的銀行線，並沒有其他資本可用性，或因為它已經“淹沒在“與更多訂單比它可以處理與現有的信貸額度。

When faced with a temporary liquidity “crunch”, the first call such companies make is to traditional factoring firms and asset-based lenders only to be told that, “We can lend against your receivables from your customers, but you must first finish and ship the order, and create the receivable.當面對一個暫時的資金流動“緊縮” ， First Call調查這些公司提出的，是傳統的保理公司和以資產為基礎的貸款只被告知， “我們可以借對您的應收款從您的客戶，但你必須先完成和船舶一聲令下，創造應收款。 We can’t help you with the funds you need to complete the manufacturing process; we can only help you after the goods are finished and shipped.”我們不能幫助您與您的資金需要完成的生產過程;我們只能幫助您後，貨物和成品發運“ 。

This is the prevailing “norm” as most factoring firms and similar asset-based lenders can only lend against receivables, and they are looking at the creditworthiness of the customer as their collateral, and not to the manufacturer.這是普遍存在的“規範”作為最保理公司和類似的以資產為基礎的貸款只能借對應收賬款，他們正在尋求在信譽的客戶作為其抵押品，而不是製造商。 They cannot lend against “work in progress” or “purchase orders” for goods that have not been finished and shipped.他們不能對“進展中的工作”或“採購訂單”的貨物，尚未完成並已發運。 This, of course, does not help the small manufacturer who still needs temporary cash availability to complete the purchase order and ship the goods to the customer.當然，這不利於小型製造商誰仍然需要臨時可用現金，以完成交易秩序和船舶的貨物給客戶。

There are a number of commercial financing firms that specialize in the high-risk arena of providing “gap” financing to small manufacturing companies to help them fulfill purchase orders.有一些商業融資公司，專門從事高風險的舞台，提供“差距”的融資，以小製造業公司，以協助他們履行訂購單。 These “purchase order factoring” operations range from a handful of firms with a national footprint, to various regional firms and some finally to some very localized operations.這些“訂貨單保理”業務範圍從少數企業與一個國家的足跡，各區域公司和一些最後的一些非常局部的行動。 There is no easily-defined industry group of such firms, and most small manufacturing companies have a difficult time finding out who to call, and what few firms there are that may even take a look at their “gap” financing needs in order to complete purchase orders.有沒有很容易界定的工業集團等公司，以及大多數的中小型製造業公司有困難的時候找出誰打電話，什麼少數公司有可能，甚至考慮一下他們的“差距”的融資需要，以完成訂購單。

Typically, “gap” financing firms will advance funds for raw materials and direct labor to get a set of goods covered under a purchase order completed and shipped.通常情況下， “差距”融資公司將預支資金，原料和直接的勞動得到了一套涵蓋的貨物下的採購訂單完成，並已發運。 In general, most such lenders will only advance a portion of the funds needed, and the manufacturing company must have as much of its own working capital employed as possible (rarely can 100% of the cost of materials and labor be financed).總體而言，大部分這樣的放款人將只提前一部份所需要的資金，和製造業的公司必須擁有盡可能多的其本身的周轉受聘為可能（很少能100 ％的成本，材料和勞務的資金）。 These lenders will usually disburse directly to the materials suppliers, and wire funds to the payroll account on payday, in order to minimize risk, and will take a lien on the “work in progress” and finished products until the goods are shipped.這些貸款通常會支付直接向材料供應商，和電線的資金薪金的帳戶payday ，為了盡量減少風險，並會採取留置權， “進展中的工作”和成品，直至貨物發運。 At the point of “shipment”, when an invoice is sent to the customer and a “receivable” is created, the “gap” lender is typically paid (and the lien released) by an advance from the factoring firm that will “kick in” and lend against the newly-created “receivable” from the manufacturer’s customer.在點“貨物” ，當發票發送給客戶和“應收款” ，是創造， “差距”貸款人通常是支付（和連戰發表）預先由保理公司，將“反沖在“出借對新設立的”應收款“從製造商的客戶。

“Gap” financing is expensive, usually 50% higher (on an annualized APR comparative basis) than the costs imposed by “receivables” factoring firms. “差距”融資是昂貴的，通常高50 ％（上一年均4月比較基礎），比成本所施加的“應收款”保理公司。 It should only be used to the minimum extent necessary to complete and ship an order, and only be “drawn” upon for the least amount of time while the “interest meter” is ticking.它應只可用於最小的必要範圍內，以完成和船舶的命令，只有“提請”後，為最不發達國家大量的時間，而“利益米”是滴答的。 A manufacturing company must have sufficient margins in the goods being produced to be able to “afford” such gap financing, and it can only be viewed as a temporary “means to an end”.一個製造業公司必須有足夠的利潤率在貨物的生產，以便能夠“負擔不起”這樣的差距，融資，它只能被看作是一個臨時“達到目的的手段” 。 Nevertheless, purchase order “gap” financing can make the difference between a company completing and shipping an order, and thereby keeping a good customer, as opposed to losing the order entirely.然而，採購訂單“差距”的融資，可以使兩者之差公司完成和航運的命令，從而保持了良好的客戶，作為反對失去秩序完全。 It can also provide temporary “relief” during periods of increased demand by customers when a manufacturer is unexpectedly “swamped” with orders and does not have the bank lines to meet these needs.它也可以提供臨時的“救濟”期間增加的需求，由客戶時，製造商是意外“淹沒”的命令和不具備銀行線，以滿足這些需求。

The need for purchase order financing gets more complicated for small US manufacturers who, more and more in recent years, wish to contract to have their goods (or components of their finished goods) manufactured for them in China.需要採購訂單融資得到更複雜的小型美國製造商誰，越來越多的在近幾年，希望合同有他們的貨物（或其組成部分的完成品）製造，為他們在中國的。 Chinese manufacturing plants require advance deposits and payment in full prior to shipping.中國製造工廠需要預先存款及全額付款之前，航運。 The cost of shipping from China and landing the goods in the US must also be paid “up front”.運費由中國和著陸的貨物，在美國還必須支付的“前方” 。 For a US company that has the capital, this process can tie up funds for a significant period time.為美國一家公司擁有的資本，這個過程可以配合起來了資金，供重要時期的時間。 But, for the US company that must borrow some of these funds, the interest costs can become very expensive, especially while the meter is “ticking” during the overseas shipping process.但是，美國的公司，必須借鑒一些這些資金，利息成本可以成為非常昂貴，尤其是雖然米是“滴答”期間，海外航運的過程。 Chinese manufacturing firms and shipping lines do not extend credit to smaller, “foreign” companies, and for a US company, final payments are due when the goods are delivered “FOB” at the shipping port.中國製造企業和航運線，不擴大信貸規模較小的， “洋”公司，和一家美國公司，最後付款是由於當交付貨物的“離岸”在航運港口。

There is no easy answer to this dilemma.有是不容易回答這個兩難局面。 Larger, credit-worthy US companies can arrange bank lines and letters of credit to handle their contract manufacturing and shipping costs in and from China.較大的，信用值得美國公司可以安排銀行線和信用證，以處理他們的合同製造商和運費在和來自中國。 But for the smaller US manufacturer with a limited capital base and bank credit facilities, the “mission” may be very difficult to achieve if not impossible.但對於規模較小的美國製造商與有限的資本基礎和銀行信貸設施， “使命”可能很難實現，如果不是不可能的。

Our affiliated commercial lending firms have provided “gap” financing to some smaller US manufacturers in recent years to help fund contract manufacturing in China.我們的附屬商業貸款公司提供的“鴻溝”融資的一些較小的美國製造商在最近幾年，以協助基金合同製造商在中國。 This has been done on a case-by-case basis, and whereas our results have been favorable (ie, as a lender, we have gotten repaid with the interest due), the costs to the borrower have often exceeded what was originally expected due to unforeseen delays and other “snags” in the process.這已進行了一逐案的基礎上，而我們的研究結果，有利於（即，作為貸款人，我們得到的償還與利息），費用向借款人往往超過了原本預計由於以意外事件造成的延誤和其他“障礙”在這個過程中。

To be of help where possible, our affiliated lenders have recently organized a central “clearing house” to “field inquiries” from small US manufacturers who need “gap” financing for contract manufacturing in China in order to “vet” each inquiry and see if we can match the manufacturer with a gap financing source that can meet their needs.要幫助如有可能，我們下屬的放款人最近舉辦了一個中央“交換”到“實地調查”由小美國製造商誰需要“差距”籌資合同製造商在中國，以“審批” ，每個調查，看看是否我們可以配合製造商與差距，融資來源，能夠滿足他們的需要。 To date, our affiliates have been able to work with only about one-third of the companies that have inquired; however, this still provided a source of much needed financial help to some companies who otherwise may not have been able to source such financing elsewhere.迄今為止，我們的分支機構已能工作，只有大約三分之一的公司表示，已詢問;不過，這仍然提供了一個來源，亟需財政幫助一些公司誰，否則未必已能來源，例如融資的其他地方。

ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTOR 關於投稿

Cameron Adair is Chairman of ADG Group in Atlanta, a merchant banking firm with interests in specialized commercial financing companies and consumer financing companies.金馬倫阿代爾是主席助理總幹事組在亞特蘭大，商人銀行與公司的利益，在專門的商業融資公司和消費者融資公司。

To make an inquiry, please fill out our 作出的調查，請填寫我們的 contact form 聯繫表格 . 。
Sourcejuice is not paid or affiliated with Cameron Adair or the ADG Group, but is assisting readers to navigate the possible necessity of contacting or inquiring such a firm for their respective services. sourcejuice是沒有支付或附屬與金馬倫阿代爾或助理總幹事組，但正在協助讀者瀏覽可能的必要性聯繫或詢問這樣一個堅定的為各自的服務。